The new flag of Syria (Arabic: العلم السوري الجديد) is a tricolor consisting of three horizontal stripes—green on top, white in the middle, and black at the bottom. It also features three red stars positioned on the white stripe. This flag, also known as the Independence Flag, was first introduced in 1930. Its colors carry deep historical symbolism: green represents the Rashidun Caliphate, white symbolizes the Umayyad Caliphate, and black stands for the Abbasid Caliphate. Initially, the three red stars signified the three principal districts of Syria—Aleppo, Damascus, and Deir ez-Zor. Following the 1936 inclusion of the Sanjak of Latakia and Jebel Druze into Syria, the stars' representation evolved: one star for Aleppo, Damascus, and Deir ez-Zor; another for Jebel Druze; and the third for the Sanjak of Latakia. During World War II, the flag became a powerful symbol of Syrian resistance and the quest for independence, particularly as France delayed its promised withdrawal. Its colors took on additional meaning: black for a dark, oppressed past; white for a hopeful future; and red for the sacrifices necessary to bridge the two.
Before 2025
The old flag of Syria (Arabic: العلم السوري القديم) is a tricolor consisting of three horizontal stripes—red on top, white in the middle, and black at the bottom. It also features two green stars positioned on the white stripe. The red stripe represents the Hashemite dynasty and the sacrifices made in the pursuit of freedom. The white stripe symbolizes the Umayyad dynasty and represents a hopeful and peaceful future. The black stripe is associated with the Abbasid dynasty and signifies a strong and unwavering rule. The two green stars represent Syria and Egypt, reflecting a historical unity between these nations. This flag is rooted in the Arab Liberation Flag, and its colors are linked to significant Arab dynasties.
| Proportion: | 2:3 |
|---|---|
| Adopted: | February 22, 1958, September 28, 1961 (abandoned), March 30, 1980 (re-adopted), December 2024 (abandoned) |
| Flag image: | Animated GIF (25 frames looped) |
| Flag emoji code: | 🇸🇾 |
The coat of arms of Syria consists of the golden Hawk of Quraish supporting a shield displaying the national flag of Syria in a vertical arrangement. Below the hawk and shield is a green ribbon containing the words "Syrian Arab Republic" in Arabic (الجمهورية العربية السورية). The hawk, a symbol associated with the Quraish tribe, represents the nation's Arab identity and the strength of its people. The shield reflects the country's flag, emphasizing the unity and patriotism of the Syrian population.
Syria, officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia. Its capital is Damascus, and its population is about 18.28 million (2021). According to its land and sea borders, it borders with Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, North Cyprus, and Turkey.
| Capital and largest city: | Damascus |
|---|---|
| Other major cities: | Aleppo, Homs |
| Official language: | Arabic |
| Region: | Western Asia |
| Ethnic groups: | 74.0% Arabs, 9.5% Kurdish/Yazidi, 4.5% Turkmen, 3.5% Assyrian, 1.5% Circassian, 1.0% Armenian, 6.0% Other Groups |
| Religions: | 85% Islam, 11% Christianity, 4% Druzism |
| Nationality name: | Syrian |
| Area: | 185,180 km² (71,500 sq mi) |
| Population: | 18.28 million (2021) |
| Country codes: | SY, SYR (ISO 3166) |
| Internet Top-Level Domain: | .sy |
| Calling code: | +963 |
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